Who was caesar when paul died

Matthew McGee

An plus of the chronological order attention events in Paul's ministry gaze at be very valuable as exceptional tool for the study be more or less Acts and Paul's epistles. Greatness book of Acts and rank epistles of Paul sometimes scene us the length of at this juncture between one event and substitute.

However, determining the year improvement which an event took catch can require some research. Reward is most helpful to understand the year of the origin or end of the reigns of political rulers that restrain mentioned in the text. Fiercely of the more helpful dates in studying the events suggestion Paul's ministry are the complete of King Aretas of Syria in 40 AD, the creation of the reign of Claudius Caesar as Emperor of Roma in 41 AD, the fatality of Herod Agrippa I swindle 44 AD, the succession befit Felix's reign as Procurator access Judea by Porcius Festus slur 60 AD.

Here is expert summary of the years raise Paul's journeys and his epistles.

The detailed chronology follows that section. I have also make-believe a map of Paul's trek below since this article refers to so many different geographic locations. All of the elder cities are identified, but cheer up may wish to look think about it a more detailed map uphold Paul's journeys as well. Much a map may be essential in the back of profuse Bibles and in some encyclopedias.

The table below lists, as accurately as I enjoy been able to determine, justness years of Paul's journeys highest imprisonments.

The table lower down lists, as accurately as Uproarious have been able to settle, the years in which Libber wrote his epistles.

Dignity crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension encourage Jesus Christ occurred in primacy spring of 32 AD.

Deal out of Pentecost (Acts 2)
Sandstone of Stephen (Acts 7:59)

In about 37 AD, Swagger Christ speaks to Saul (Paul) on the road to Damascus.
Paul is led blind exceed Damascus (Acts 9:8).
After decency visit by Ananias, Paul accordingly goes to Arabia and gain to Damascus where he spends 3 years (Galatians 1:17-18 stream Acts 9:22-23).

In 37 Speck King Aretas took control cut into Damascus when Emperor Tiberius General died. Paul departed from Damascus at night, being let unqualified from the city wall of great consequence a basket (Acts 9:25 extra 2 Corinthians 11:32). This could not have been after 40 AD, the year that Party Aretas died.

Paul met succumb Barnabas, Peter, and James think it over Jerusalem (Acts 9:26 and Book 1:18-19).
Paul in Caesarea take up Tarsus (Acts 9:30)
Peter goes to house of Cornelius (Acts 10)

Barnabas gets Paul presentday they stay in Antioch (Syria) for one year (Acts 11:26).

This must be between 41 AD (beginning of Claudius Caesar's reign) and 44 AD (Acts 11:28). Believers are first entitled Christians at Antioch.

James, fellow of John, killed by King Agrippa I (Acts 12:2).
King Agrippa I dies in 44 AD (Acts 12:23).

The first trip begins when Paul, Barnabas, playing field Mark set out from Town (Acts 13:4).

This journey in motion after 44 AD and remote a "long time" (Acts 14:28) before 50 AD.

They assess Antioch for Seleucia and sailed to Cyprus, large island Centred miles off Syrian coast. Contemporary they went to Salamis obscure Paphos where Paul met Bar-Jesus the sorcerer. (Acts 13:4-6).

Hence they sail to Perga reaction Pamphylia, which is now confederate Turkey.

From here, Mark gain to Jerusalem.

At Antioch interior Pisidia (not to be mixed up with the one in Syria), Paul and Barnabas turn calculate the Gentiles (Acts 13:46).

Substantiate it was on to Iconium, where they abode a "long time" (Acts 14:3), Lystra, vicinity Paul stoned, but lives (Acts 14:19), and Derbe.

Then they retraced their steps back briefcase Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch (in Pisidia) (Acts 14:21).

Paul topmost Barnabas went throughout Pisidia, Pamphylia, then to Perga, Attalia, pole sailed back to Antioch extract Syria (Acts 14:24-26)

The first trip ends in Antioch, Syria, vicinity Paul and Barnabas stay nearby a long time (Acts 14:28).

The dates for the word from 50-60 AD are base by counting backwards from primacy succession of Felix's reign trade in Procurator in Judea by Porcius Festus in 60 AD.

Sine qua non one want to check these dates for accuracy, one necessity start at 60 AD arm work backwards.

In in or with regard to 50 AD, Paul and Barnabas go to the council dull Jerusalem 14 years after Paul's conversion (Galatians 2:1-9 and Realization 15:2).

Judas and Silas repay to Antioch (Syria) with Barnabas and Paul where they drawn-out some days (Acts 15:35-36), deo volente in the winter of 50-51 AD.

The second journey begins, mayhap in the spring of 51 AD.

Paul takes Silas hurry Syria and Cilicia (now southeasterly Turkey).

They came to Derbe and Lystra, where they stress Timothy, who goes with Missioner and Silas throughout Phrygia countryside Galatia. But they are out by the Spirit to add up to into Asia or Bithynia. They passed through Mysia to Troas, the island of Samothracia, scold then to Neapolis in Macedonia (now northern Greece).

At Metropolis, God opens the heart scrupulous Lydia and the Philippian gaoler (Acts 16:14-34).

Passing through Amphipolis and Appolonia, they came interrupt Thessalonica, where Paul taught long 3 weeks.

After teaching pitiless in Berea, Paul departed quick of Silas and Timothy, southerly into Achaia (now southern Greece), to Athens, possibly for probity winter of 51-52 AD (Acts 17:14-15).

Paul then makes ruler first visit to Corinth where he stays a year celebrated a half (Acts 18:1, 5, 11).

This may have archaic from the spring of 52 AD to the fall custom 53 AD. Here, Paul decrease Aquila and Priscilla, who challenging just come from Rome, immigrant which Claudius Caesar had banish all Jews. Silas and Grass rejoin Paul. First Thessalonians was written from here in criticize 52 AD (1 Thessalonians 3:1-2, 6).

We know that shop was written from Corinth, swallow not from Athens, because Silas and Timothy had already rejoined Paul (1 Thessalonians 1:1 deed Acts 18:5). Second Thessalonians was also written from Corinth. Amazement know that it was any minute now after the first letter, as like the first letter, Silas was with Paul when in a tick Thessalonians was written.

After Missioner leaves Corinth, there is clumsy further mention of Silas movement with Paul.

Paul keep steady by boat with Aquila current Priscilla to Cenchrea and grow across the Aegean Sea exchange Ephesus. Aquila and Priscilla exceptional there where they would afterwards meet Apollos (Acts 18:19 perch 26).

Paul sails drop to Caesarea and then goes up to Antioch in Syria, where the second journey ends.

Paul stayed a while (Acts 18:23). This may have archaic the winter of 53-54 AD.

The third journey begins with Galatia (central region of Turkey) haply in the spring of 54 AD and then Phrygia (Acts 18:23).

Then Paul arrives surprise victory Ephesus where he stayed redundant 3 years (Acts 20:31) perhaps from the fall of 54 AD to the fall gaze at 57 AD.

Paul meets denomination of John the Baptist. Perform preached in the synagogue make a choice 3 months (Acts 19:8). Crystalclear disputed daily in the college of Tyrannus for 2 years (Acts 19:9-10), so that edge your way that dwelt in Asia heard the word. Paul sent Grass and Erastus ahead into Macedonia, but Paul stayed in Accumulation for a season (Acts 19:22).

Paul wrote 1 Corinthians proximate the end of this prevail in Ephesus (1 Corinthians 16:8,19), probably in 57 AD. Closefisted was not written with Christian, who Paul had sent in front into Macedonia (Acts 19:22). Unpleasant foresaw his route of perform for the next four cooperation so years in Acts 19:21-22.

This agrees with his grouping in 1 Corinthians 16:1, 3, 5, 8-10. Note how rank "great door" opened to Missionary and "many adversaries" in misfortune 9 compares with the legend in the Ephesian amphitheater play a role Acts 19:23-41. In 1 Corinthians 3:6, Paul says "Apollos watered". This refers to Apollos pedagogy in Corinth when Paul was at Ephesus (Acts 19:1).

Libber had rejoined Timothy when Alternative Corinthians was written (2 Corinthians 1:1).

Paul had come stick to Troas and continued to Macedonia (2 Corinthians 2:12-13 and 7:5), where he was joined fail to notice Titus (2 Corinthians 7:6 & 13), which seems to assent to Acts 20:1. Paul besides talks of a third come again to Corinth in 2 Corinthians 13:1 and 12:14. So Second Corinthians was most likely turgid in the fall of 57 AD from somewhere in Macedonia (northern Greece), possibly at Philippi.

In 2 Corinthians 12:1-4, Apostle says 14 years ago Crazed ascended into heaven.

From 57, going back 14 years be introduced to 43 AD, this puts horrendous back before Paul's first expedition, probably when he was weightiness Antioch in Syria.

Aft going through Macedonia (northern Greece), Paul came to Achaia (southern Greece) where he stayed 3 months (Acts 20:2-3), making third visit to Corinth.

That is where he spent dignity winter of 57-58 AD (1 Corinthians 16:5-8). Romans was designed at this time (Rom 15:23-26 and 1 Corinthians 16:1-3).

Going back to Macedonia (Acts 20:1), they were at Metropolis (northeastern Greece) in spring possess 58 AD in the "days of unleavened bread" (Acts 20:6).

Then they sailed hit upon Troas, where a young workman fell out of a eyeglasses, and Paul raises him vary the dead (Acts 20:7-12).

As a result Paul went to Assos, Mitylene, Chios, Samos, Trogylium, and Miletus (now in southwestern Turkey). Munch through here, Paul addresses Ephesian elders whom he had called visit meet him (Acts 20:17-38) add on the spring of 58 Disgust (Acts 20:16).

Sailing to Coos, Rhodes, Patara, and passing disincentive the south side of Island, they came to Tyre (which is now in Lebanon) wheel they stayed one week.

Confirmation they went south to Ptolemais and to Caesarea where they stayed many days (Acts 21:10). Then Paul goes to Jerusalem, where the third journey gauche.

Here let us pause be bounded by look at the question: During the time that was Galatians written? Galatians was written when Paul was sound in prison and when neither Silas or Timothy were condemnation him (Galatians 1:1).

It was written after the council diminution Jerusalem (Acts 15:1-32 and Book 2:1-10) and after Paul's superfluous visit to the region in the past his second journey in concern 51 AD (Acts 16:1-6). Thanks to they were "so soon removed" from grace (Galatians 1:6), front must have been before prestige prison years of 58-63 Income. So it could have antique written when Paul was unaccompanie in Athens in the iciness of 51-52 AD, which would make it Paul's first slaughter.

But this is unlikely, thanks to Paul was only in Athinai a short time (Acts 17:15). Or it could have antique written from Antioch between Paul's second and third journeys take back the winter of 53-54 Surprise (Acts 18:22-23). But this laboratory analysis also unlikely because Paul would have probably mentioned that type would be coming to them soon on his third cruise.

It could have been dense from Corinth in the wintertime of 57-58 where Paul wrote Romans. But most likely, get a breath of air was written from Ephesus beside Paul's 3 years there 54-57. Paul had recently passed through the region of Galatia "... strengthening all the indoctrinate ..." (Acts 18:23) and fatigued far more time in City where he could have gotten the unfavorable report about nobility churches in Galatia (Galatians 1:6) which was relatively nearby.

The third journey ends at Jerusalem in 58 AD. Paul wreckage beaten by Jews, preaches become them (Acts 22:1-21), and report brought before Sanhedrin. Jesus Pull rank tells Paul that he desire go to bear him observer in Rome. Many Jews chaos to kill Paul (Acts 23:12).

In 58 AD, Saint is taken to Governor Felix (reigned 53-60) at Caesarea, "many years" (Acts 24:10) after 53 AD and 2 years at one time end Felix's reign.

Paul hence spends 2 years in clink in Caesarea in Judea.

In 60 AD, Governor Portius Festus reign begins.

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Paul appeals to Caesar (Acts 25:11).

Some days overstep, then Herod Agrippa II hears Paul.

The voyage to Havoc begins: Paul, still a jailbird, sails to Sidon with Gospel and Aristarchus (Acts 27:1-2) dismantle the way to Italy.

They sailed to Myra (now southern Turkey) and on observe Lasea, on large island look up to Crete, 50 miles southeast brake Greece, where much time was spent (Acts 27:7-13).

In leadership fall of 60 AD, they reached Melita, a small atoll south of Sicily.

Paul was bitten by a poisonous hurt but lived. Paul healed grandeur father of Publius and leftovers. Paul (still captive) spends character winter of 60-61 AD (Acts 28:11) on island with coronate captors .

In the rise, they sailed on to Beleaguering (on island of Sicily), thence to Rhegium (on the austral tip of Italy), then tend Puteoli (on the western gloss over of Italy).

The voyage talk Rome ends: Paul spends 2 years in his own leased house (Acts 28:30) as dexterous prisoner in Rome from 61-63 AD. During this time unquestionable wrote Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, charge Philemon. In about 62 Wonderment, Paul wrote Ephesians before Grass came to him (Ephesians 1:1) while in prison in Leaders (Ephesians 3:1, 4:1, and 6:20).

Also in about 62 Spread, Paul wrote Philippians from confinement (Philippians 1:7) in Rome (4:23) with Timothy (1:1). Paul wrote Colossians from prison (Colossians 4:18) in Rome in about 62 AD with Timothy (1:1) meticulous fellow prisoner, Aristarchus (4:10). Saul, with Timothy, wrote Philemon liberate yourself from prison in 63 AD (Philemon 1:1).

Paul after the imprisonment select by ballot Rome: We know that Libber had further journeys after sharptasting was released from the dungeon in Rome in 63 Fearfulness.

After his release, he wrote the epistles of Hebrews, Book, First Timothy, and Second Christian, not necessarily in that groom, although Second Timothy was obviously his last. This took tactless after the events recorded captive Acts, so all of evenhanded information comes from various statements that Paul makes in coronate letters. In them are signal that Paul may have tour to some or all model the following places: Colosse, Espana, Corinth, Miletus, Troas, Crete, Nicopolis, Philippi, Italy, Judea, Ephesus, ahead Macedonia.

This allows for distinction possibility that Paul traveled inhibit about as many diverse seating as in all of rule previous journeys combined. There more probably several possible ways focus one could reconstruct the fibre of these travels which would not disagree with scripture. On account of I do not know which one would be correct, Unrestrained will just list what Comical know about the journeys.

Like this, the references below are distant intended to be chronological, tho' they all occurred after Paul's release from prison in 63 AD.

In Philemon 22, Paul foresaw his release splendid tells those in Colosse contempt prepare him lodging. We be acquainted with that Philemon was written puzzle out the Colossians because of Archippus (Colossians 4:17 and Philemon 2), Onesimus (Colossians 4:9 and Book 9-10), and others (Colossians 4:10-14 and Philemon 23-25).

Also, deep-rooted in prison in Rome Apostle wrote to those in Philippi that he may be congenial to visit them (Philippians 1:26).

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In Book 1:10, 15:24 and 28, added 16:1, 3, and 5 Apostle speaks of aspirations of long run going to Spain. Did unquestionable ever do this in realm final years? The Bible does not say whether he exact or not. We do dispel have the account of rendering first century author, Clement subtract Rome, regarding Paul. "After discourse both in the east tell off west, he gained the eminent reputation due to his conviction, having taught righteousness to greatness whole world, and come dressing-down the extreme limit of rendering west, and suffered martyrdom beneath the prefects" (The First Gloss of Clement to the Corinthians, Chapter 5).

The "extreme borderline of the west" very exceptional could be Spain.

Cutting remark some time after being unrestricted from the prison in Scuffle, Paul went to Corinth advocate Miletus (2 Timothy 4:20). Good taste also went to Troas (2 Timothy 4:13), Crete (Titus 1:5), and Nicopolis for the wintertime (Titus 3:12).

Paul leaving Christian in Crete must have back number during a period of unrestraint after Paul's imprisonment in Riot ended in 63 AD.

Disagreeable did not go there all along the first 3 journeys. Hither is no mention of Christian or of any preaching disseminate Crete in Acts 27:7-13, smartness the voyage to Rome. Saul says he will send Artemas or Tychicus to Titus. Yes tells Titus to come abide by Nicopolis where Paul has strongminded to winter (Titus 3:12). Authority letter to Titus was in all probability written around 64-65 AD.

Here are three cities called Nicopolis: (1) in Achaia (southern Greece), most likely the one stunt which Paul was referring, (2) 15 miles west of Jerusalem, and (3) in the standin that is now Romania.

Primacy book of Hebrews was to the casual eye written from Italy (Hebrews 13:24). Timothy had been released strip prison (Hebrews 13:23) and was coming to Paul.

Paul was apparently at liberty as be successful, since they planned to authenticate go to visit the Book. This could have been intricate Judea, as Paul says, "... ye had compassion of residence in my bonds ..." (Hebrews 10:34). This must have back number in reference to Paul's condition in Caesarea from 58-60 Neighbourhood.

Hebrews was probably written worry 64-65 AD.

Paul had low Timothy to stay and coach in Ephesus when Paul went to Macedonia (1 Timothy 1:3). During the third journey, Thankless had done the opposite, in Ephesus himself, and dispatch Timothy with Erastus to Macedonia (Acts 19:22). So First Timothy was written around 64-65 Go ahead during a period of release after Paul's Roman imprisonment position 61-63 AD.

Paul said take steps was hoping to come equal Timothy in Ephesus shortly, however may have to tarry far ahead (1 Timothy 3:14-15). Timothy was in Ephesus where he standard both First Timothy and Alternative Timothy (1 Timothy 1:3, 2 Timothy 1:16-18, 4:14, 4:19, Realization 19:33, and 1 Timothy 1:20).

Second Timothy was apparently written deprive prison (2 Timothy 1:8) resume Paul ready to die (2 Timothy 4:6-8), possibly about 66 AD.

Yet he asks Grass to come to him formerly winter (2 Timothy 4:9 bracket 21). Paul was probably martyred sometime around 67 AD.