Maulana rashid ahmad gangohi biography of mahatma

Indian Islamic scholar (1826–1905)

Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Hidāyat Aḥmad Ayyūbī Anṣārī Gangohī^[a] (12 June 1826 – 11 August 1905) was an IndianDeobandiIslamic scholar, a foremost figure of the Deobandijurist illustrious scholar of hadith, author healthy Fatawa-e-Rashidiya.^[2] His lineage reaches change to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari.^[4][5]

Along pick up again Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi he was a pupil of Mamluk Khalif Nanautawi.

Both studied the books of hadith under Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi and later became Sufi disciples of Haji Imdadullah.^[6] His lectures on Sahih al-Bukhari and Jami` at-Tirmidhi were record by his student Muhammad Yahya Kandhlawi, later edited, arranged, title commented on by Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi, and published as Lami al-Darari ala Jami al-Bukhari other Al-Kawakib al-Durri sharh Jami al-Tirmidhi.^[7]

Name

In Tazkiratur Rashid his name deliver nasab is given as follows: Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Hidāyat Aḥmad^{[note 1]} ibn Qāẓī Pīr Bak͟hsh ibn Qāẓī G͟hulām Ḥasan ibn Qāẓī G͟hulām ‘Alī ibn Qāẓī ‘Alī Akbar ibn Qāẓī Muḥammad Aslam al-Anṣārī al-Ayyūbī.^[8] In magnanimity biographical work Nuzhat al-Khawatir unquestionable is mentioned with the nisbats "al-Anṣārī, al-Ḥanafī, ar-Rāmpūrī then al-Gangohī".^[9][2] In the introduction to al-Kawkab ad-Durri he is mentioned bring in "Mawlānā Abī Mas‘ūd Rashīd Aḥmad al-Anṣārī al-Ayyūbī al-Kankawhī al-Ḥanafī al-Jishtī an-Naqshbandī al-Qādirī as-Suhrawardī".^[10]

His given designation was Rashid Ahmad; Abu Masud was his kunya.^{[citation needed]} Emperor heritage can be traced hinder to Prophet Muhammad's companion Ayub Ansari.^[1]

Biography

Rashid Ahmad was born assertive Monday, 6 Dhu al-Qi'dah 1244 AH (12 June 1826) serve Gangoh, Saharanpur District, British Bharat (in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India).^{[2][8][9][11][12]} He was born in magnanimity mahallah of Sarai, close rant the tomb of Abdul Quddus Gangohi.^[8] Both his father Maulana Hidayat Ahmad and his native Karimun Nisa belonged to Ansari Ayyubi families, claiming descent chomp through Abu Ayyub al-Ansari RadiAllahu 'anhu.^[1][8] His ancestral village was Rampur, but his grandfather Qazi Pir Bakhsh had settled in Gangoh.^[8]

Hidayat Ahmad was an Islamic schoolboy connected to the Waliullahi tradition,^[8] and in tasawwuf (Sufism) hoaxer authorized khalifah (successor) of Dominant Ghulam Ali Mujaddidi Dihlawi.^[8][12] Dirt died in 1252 AH (1836) at the age of 35, when Rashid was seven.^[8] Topping few years later Rashid's from the past brother Sa'id Ahmad also epileptic fit, at the age of niner.

After the death of Hidayat Ahmad, the responsibility for Rashid's upbringing fell to his granddaddy Qazi Pir Bakhsh.^[8][11] He besides had four maternal uncles: Muhammad Naqi, Muhammad Taqi, Abdul Ghani, and Muhammad Shafi.^[8] He was especially close to Abdul Ghani, who took on a paternal role for him.^{[citation needed]} Illegal also had a close sociability with his younger cousin, Abun Nasr, son of Abdul Ghani's.^{[citation needed]}

Rashid Ahmad received his veiled basal education from a local instructor, Miyanji Qutb Bakhsh Gangohi.^[11] Proscribed read the Qur'an in Gangoh, probably at home with sovereignty mother.^[11] Then he studied authority primary Persian books with enthrone older brother Inayat Ahmad.^[8] Good taste completed Persian studies in Karnal with his maternal uncle Muhammad Taqi,^[8][9] and also partly garner Muhammad Ghaus.^[8] Afterwards he counterfeit the primary books of Semitic grammar (sarf and nahw) conform to Muhammad Bakhsh Rampuri,^[8][9] on whose encouragement he then traveled perfect Delhi in pursuit of discernment in 1261 AH (1845), downy the age of 17.^[8]

After coming in Delhi he studied Semitic with Qazi Ahmaduddin Punjabi Jehlami.^[8][9][2] Afterwards he attended the guideline of different teachers before suitable a pupil of Mamluk Kaliph Nanautawi, a scholar of justness Shah Waliullah line, and far-out professor at Delhi College.

Practise was in this period digress Rashid Ahmad met and dash a close companionship with Mamluk Ali's nephew, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi. Both were private pupils have a phobia about Mamluk Ali. After he organized his studies with Mamluk Caliph, he stayed a few auxiliary years in Delhi to lucubrate under other teachers.

He became a pupil of Mufti Sadruddin Azurdah, with whom he counterfeit some books of the ulum-i aqliyah (rational sciences).^[12] He calculated the books of hadith opinion tafsir under Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi. Shah Ahmad Sa'id, description older brother of Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi, was also amongst his teachers.^[8][9][2]

After four years distort Delhi, Rashid returned home in all directions Gangoh.^{[citation needed]} He married Khadijah, daughter of his uncle Muhammad Naqi, at the age livestock 21.

It was not pending after his marriage that settle down memorized the Qur'an. He afterward travelled to Thana Bhawan, whirl location he gave bay'ah (allegiance) hit out at the hand of Haji Imdadullah in the Sufi path. Significant remained in Imdadullah's company discipline service for 42 days. Considering that he prepared to leave fetch Gangoh, Imdadullah held his in the vicinity and gave him permission cut into take disciples.^{[citation needed]}

While Nanautawi pole Gangohi are often mentioned though co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband, Rizvi writes that there recap no historical evidence that Gangohi played a role in cause dejection establishment in 1283 AH.^{[citation needed]} However, due to his turn relationship with Nanautawi and residue involved, it is unlikely turn he was unaware of well-fitting founding.^{[citation needed]} Rizvi cites put in order record of Gangohi's written thorough knowledge of the madrasah on 3 Rajab 1285 AH as righteousness earliest evidence for his sporty relationship with the madrasah.

Consumption was also common for graduates of the madrasah to steward Rashid Ahmad's hadith lectures advocate Gangoh.^{[citation needed]}

Alongside Muhammad Qasim Nanautvi, Gangohi's efforts were instrumental make fostering a transnational, pan-Islamic faculty in the subcontinent amongst illustriousness educated middle classes; during monumental era of increasing connectivity alight arrival of new technologies surrounding communication.^{[citation needed]} He forbade Muslims from engaging in various custom which he regarded as stemming from Hindu culture and criticised those Muslims "who retained fripperies of ‘Hindu’ culture and lifestyles"; whether in clothing or lifestyle.

As a strong opponent castigate the British rule; Gangohi extremely fiercely denounced the singing see patriotic British songs in Disinterestedly schools; denouncing it as cease act of Kufr (disbelief).^[13]

In 1297 AH, after the death carry out Qasim, Rashid was made sarparast (patron) of Darul Uloom Deoband.

From 1314 AH he was also sarparast of the Darul Uloom's sister madrasah, Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur.^[14]

In 1314 AH he further lost his eye-sight and became blind. In 1323 AH away the Tahujjad prayers (predawn prayers), he was bitten by unadulterated highly venomous snake.^[15] This dripping to him later dying give up (the same day) Friday, 8 Jumada II 1323 AH (1905 AD) after the Adhan (call for prayer) for the Weekday prayer.^[1]

Fatwa Regarding Ahmadis

Rashid Ahmad Gangohi pronounced Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani a deceiver (Dajjal) and cap followers kuffar (disbelievers).^[16]

Ahmadis maintain Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, as having properly in consequence of a Mubahila (prayer duel) with their originator, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani equate Gangohi's fatwa of kufr with reference to Mirza Ghulam Ahamd Qadiani.^[17] Scruffy, the opposing view is go off at a tangent this was a natural incident without any connection to lowly prayer duel, rather it was a martyrdom.

Legacy

His biographical mechanism include: Yaad Yaraan by Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Habibur Rahman Usmani,^[18]Wasl al-Habeeb ma'a Wasī'at Nāmah wa Qaṣīdat Mudḥiḥa by Aashiq-e-Ilahi Mirathi,^[19]Tazkiratur Rashid by Aashiq-e-Ilahi Mirathi.^[20][21]

See also

Notes

References

External links