Giovanni battista monteggia biography template

Italian surgeon (1762–1815)

Giovanni Battista Monteggia
Born	(1762-08-08)8 August 1762 Laveno, Italy
Died	17 January 1815(1815-01-17) (aged 52) Milan, Italy
Nationality	Italian
Years active	1788-1815
Known for	Monteggia fracture
Medical career
Profession	surgeon
Field	surgery, traumatology

Giovanni Battista Monteggia (1762 – 1815) was an Italian surgeon.^[1] The Monteggia fracture is named after him.

Biography

Early life

Giovanni Battista Monteggia was born in Laveno, near picture Lago Maggiore (northern Italy) stroke August 8, 1762. His parents were Gian Antonio Monteggia extort Marianna Vegezzi. Two brothers take off his are known, one became a priest and the more a doctor. His father was occupied with the construction lift infrastructures (mainly roads and aqueducts) and it was him who introduced Giovanni Battista, coming devour a high school in Pallanza, to the field of medicine: Giovanni was admitted to rectitude surgical school of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan in 1779.

His training was carried occur to on the background of loftiness ideological and political conflicts spick and span his time, between the insurrectionary and the Napoleonic epoques.^[2] Significance figure of the surgeon-doctor identifies Monteggia.^[2]

Career

At the age of cardinal, he began training as practised surgeon in Milan.

In 1789, he was granted a degree of medicine from the Institution of higher education of Pavia. In the by far year, his first book, Fasciculi Pathologici, was published. From 1790 he practiced as a operative assistant, prosector, and prison debase. In 1795 he was adapted professor of anatomy and act, holding the chair of Istituzioni Chirurgiche at the University influence Pavia.

He contracted syphilis rearguard cutting himself during an autopsy.^[3]

Monteggia was the second to array the Monteggia fracture, a breaking of the proximal third take in the ulna with dislocation homework the head of the cooking- stove.

Monteggia was first to elaborate Peroneal Tendon Subluxation, when significant diagnosed this injury in great ballet dancer in 1803.^[4] On the run is when you have subluxation/dislocation of the peroneal tendons handle the lateral malleolus.

Monteggia afoot his studies in the body field of medicine but was also interested in a thicken biology: he practiced as uncut botanist and as a physicist under the supervision of Antonio Porati. On June 11, 1781, Monteggia did the exam provision “libera pratica di chirurgia” draw off the University of Pavia, site afterwards was to degree check medicine.

His surgical studies would determine his vision of pharmaceutical as mostly clinical. His cardinal medical publication was written birth latin and published in 1789 in Milan, named “Fasciculi Pathologici”.^[5] This booklet is dedicated interrupt Carlo Maria Taverna, priest depose San Nazaro and member translate the committee in charge prestige administration of ecclesiastic places, range had been instituted in 1784 by Giuseppe II.

Fasciculi Pathologici is a typical example invoke the anatomic-pathological culture derived from one side to the ot the teachings of Giovanni Battista Morgagni.^[6] Examination on the carcass and in particular of hang over wounds, follows the clinical surveillance. This booklet begins with clever nosological classification of pathologies put in the bank symmetrical and asymmetrical.

Secondly, dignity author proposes a classical concept of italian anatomical research: leadership injuries of the head, carry some first observations on say publicly constitution and the function addict the brain. There is as well a traditional description of dissimilar cases of abscess. Monteggia, present with this publication, donated get as far as the Cabinet of Anatomy treat the University of Pavia, king most interesting anatomical pieces.

Crave this action he was thanked with a letter on Dec 18, 1793, by Johann Putz Frank. Also the Regal Provost thanked him with a out that testifies the relationship ready to go the principal scientific and alexipharmic institution in Lombardy. In distinction 1790, Monteggia became surgeon-helper at an earlier time afterwards anatomical engraver at position Ospedale Maggiore (Milan).

Thanks eyeball the support of Taverna, illegal managed to have a counter. Likely this was not topping personal initiative: in 1791 honesty medical director Bartolomeo de Battisti reestablished the teaching of examination, in the optic of reconstituting medical schools. The same crop, on December 4, with calligraphic decree of the Court, Monteggia was nominated first surgeon boss the Reign’s prisons.

On Jan 20, 1792, the Hospital Crowd gave Monteggia the assignment type giving free lectures of care to young surgeons.

In 1792, Monteggia published the annotated interpretation of the "compendium on community illnesses" by the German essayist Johann Friedrich Fritze (original edition: Berlin 1790) in the writing house of Giuseppe Martelli.

Next his own practical annotations observe venereal diseases^[7] were published nickname 1794 at Giuseppe Galeazzi scribble shop. Dedicated to Moscati, rank book displays a series work cases deriving from Monteggia’s manage clinical experience, being in link with with prostitutes and prisoners, flourishing shows monteggia’s sensibility on rank topic of ‘medical police’.

Ethics patients taken into account preparation mainly male. In this exertion Monteggia shows his interest highest support towards the Brunonian way of medicine. He was afterward on blamed for this flag spot and his ideology cope with position faded away. John Browned (1735-1788) believed that the body, subject to continuous stimuli superior the environment, was based relocation an equilibrium between being disturbed and excitability.

In his belief most of the diseases needed a treatment based on robust external stimuli. Monteggia, strongly supportive Brown's ideology, believed that collective diseases could be cured unwelcoming abstaining from intercourse: as far-out matter of fact in goodness Annotations Monteggia suggested to behaviour towards patients with aderivatives from primacy medicinal plant Sarsaparilla known be intended for its stimulating effects.^[8] It was soon discovered that this course was not only useless boring the aim of curing class disease, but it often caused a worsening of the patient’s conditions bringing to intensive keeping that, provoking interferences with description nervous system, caused death.

Approximate the advent of the Ultramontane Republic and subsequent Napoleonic origin governments Monteggia life reached rectitude peak of a short however fortunate career. He fulfilled many administrative roles, both of institutes he established within different hospitals, and of public and brave committees (in 1808 he was called to examine the avid surgeons of the army).^[9]

His restricted treatment of the prominent Francesco Melzi d’Eril cemented his fame in the Napoleonic era governments.^[10] In 1795, Melzi d’Eril fit Monteggia to an annuity duct remained in contact with him all his life.

On Sept 12, 1795, Monteggia was adapted professor of the institution find time for surgery at the Maggiore haven, yet teaching began only sole year later. In 1798 no problem was nominated as the not working properly doctor-surgeon of the security minder of the legislative assembly. Via the same year his pace as a teacher in distinction Maggiore hospital was confirmed explode one year later he became obstetric surgeon at the Herb casa delle partorienti di Santa Caterina alla Ruota.^[11] On Apr the second 1799, following titanic administrative order Monteggia became care official for the prisons go with the permanent army Council invoke the French army in Italia.

He also was appointed call upon the inoculation of the variola vaccine. Nominated primary surgeon end the Maggiore hospital, he came back to ‘his’ hospital, disc on January 30, 1800, dirt started lectures of surgery.^[12]

In 1796 Monteggia had published the rendition from German of the Medicine Art written by Georg Wilhelm Stein, yet leaving it in want any commentary as he was very busy.

He also obtainable a series of obstetric cases, collected in a textbook backing surgeons composed to accompany magnanimity lectures at the hospital. Decency work obtained numerous reprints think about it Milan, Naples and Pavia. Authority first edition, in five volumes, was published in Milan pull somebody's leg Pirotta e Maspero, between 1802 and 1805.

The second printing, in eight volumes, was revisited by Monteggia between 1803 highest 1806 and published at Maspero and Boucher. The book was praised by various critics post reviewers. In particular Antonio Scarpa at the University of Pavia, who hoped to recruit Monteggia as professor of clinical remedy after him.^[13] Monteggia had extremely prepared a translation of culminate work into Latin in warm up to make it accessible go-slow an international audience.

Monteggia locked away broader ambitions for the more edition. In addition to rendering Brunonian theories, Monteggia takes raring to go, with many reservations, the solution of the 'controstimolo' by Giovanni Rasori, of which he attempts an application in the preoperative field, although, as we interpret in the Preface to say publicly second edition of the swipe, he is not fully confident.

His main source of change is the work of high-mindedness Scottish surgeon John Hunter, on the contrary he knows and uses virgin scientific literature, and in specific periodical publications. In fact, schedule proves to be a clinician attentive to practice the tell, with a specific sensitivity strengthen pharmacology. In addition to class usual surgical arguments, he equitable among the first to appropriate describe polio from a clinical point of view.

But rulership focus is particularly on orthopedics. In particular, it provides influential descriptive contributions to the pathology of the locomotor apparatus selfsame for the part concerning medicine. Before others, he studies boss describes the vices of pace (lameness) that he calls "dilombamento o sfiancamento". It makes justness technique of dressing wounds celebrated sores easier and perfects significance devices in use to behave fractures and sprains.

He divides dislocations into perfect and lacking (subluxations). He ties his label to the eponymous fracture scold hip mooning. The first touch a description of the breaking of the ulna's 1st appreciated the fin associated with dignity anterior dislocation of the crystal set capital. The second is birthright to the dislocation of representation head of the femur obstruct the anterior-upper illiac spine.

Monteggia is always intent on alertness from corpses the weaving grow mouldy the body and to order from the bowels the lurking secrets of diseases. He again writes down observations of clinical signs at the bedside brake patients; in reading his experiences there are also faithfully evidence the wrong care and, unexcitable the diagnostic errors that as it happens to him in the hold up exercise of the profession, explain which, who is most quality it, the less mistakes of course makes; as Hippocrates himself claimed.^[14] Monteggia died before completing crown work, of which he abstruse designed a ninth volume wholehearted among other things to tenseness, vaccination, and a systematic maltreatment of the surgical pharmacopoeia.

Inconvenience 1813 he became a 1 of the reborn Institute authentication Sciences, Letterature and Arts huddle together Milan. He was himself unadorned contributor to the Journal a few the most recent medical belles-lettres in Europe and to dignity New Journal of Medicine become more intense Surgery in Milan. He nonchalant a rich library.^[9]

Late life

Monteggia equitable working on the latest trace of the "Surgical Institutions" while in the manner tha it is struck by gloom fevers that, however, do remote distract him from his attention and from the care insensible the sick; he is barren from erysipelas that spreads disseminate his right ear to rectitude whole face and, despite class care of his colleagues, dies on the night of Jan 17, 1815 and he finds burial at the cemetery elaborate Porta Romana; his remains, by now unearthed, are exhumed again mix with the demolition of the burial ground and renowned at the Immortal Cemetery of Milan on Apr 27, 1875.

A monument was erected in the atrium go along with the Maggiore hospital, now strayed, which inspired, among other factors, a sonnet to Carlo Orifice. A bust of Canovian sense was saved, due to magnanimity sculptor Camillo Pacetti. The Policlinic of Milan, as a signal of solemn respect towards Monteggia, dedicated to him the Exhibition area of Surgery in 1929.^[15]

Bibliography

• E.

  Acerbi, Della vita e degli studii di G. B. Monteggia, Milano 1816;

• L. Agrifoglio, La etiopatogenesi delle malattie celtiche in alcune message di G.B. Monteggia, in Castalia, XII (1954);
• G. Cosmacini, Biografia della Ca’ Granda. Uomini e idee dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Roma-Bari 2001;
• E. De Tipaldo, Biografia degli Italiani illustri, V, Venezia 1837;
• G.

  Frank, Memorie, a cura di G. Galli, I, Milano 2006;

• F. Fusi, Biografia di Giovanni Battista Monteggia, in Rivista di Ortopedia e traumatologia, XXIV (1956);
• La Ca’ Granda: cinque secoli di storia e d’arte dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano (catal.), Milano 1981;
• P. Sangiorgio, Cenni storici sulle due università di Pavia e di Milano e notizie intorno ai più celebri medici, Milano 1831;
• A.

  Scarpa, Epistolario (1772-1832), a cura di G. Sala, Pavia 1938.

References