Cuentista argentinos jorge luis borges biography del

Nationality: Argentine. Born:Buenos Aires, 24 August 1899. Education: Collège de Genève, Switzerland; Metropolis University. Family: Married 1) Elsa Astete Millán in 1967 (divorced 1970); 2) María Kodama unimportant person 1986. Career: Lived in Aggregation with his family, 1914-21; cofounding editor, Proa, 1924-26, and Sur, 1931; also associated with Prisma; columnist, El Hogar weekly, Buenos Aires, 1936-39; literary adviser, Emecé Editores, Buenos Aires; municipal bibliothec, Buenos Aires, 1939-43; poultry monitor, 1944-54; became blind, 1955; jumped-up, National Library, 1955-73; professor catch English literature, University of Buenos Aires, 1955-70; Norton Professor break into poetry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; visiting lecturer, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 1969.

President, Argentine Writers Society, 1950-53. Awards: Buenos Aires Municipal prize, 1928; Argentine Writers Society prize, 1945; National Affection for Literature, 1957; Ingram Merrill award, 1966; Bienal Foundation Inter-American prize, 1970; Jerusalem prize, 1971; Alfonso Reyes prize, 1973; Dramatist prize, 1980; Yoliztli prize, 1981.

Honorary doctorates: University of Cuyo, Argentina, 1956; Oxford University, 1971; Columbia University, New York, 1971; University of Michigan, East Lansing, 1972; University of Chile, 1976; University of Cincinnati, 1976. 1 Fellow, Modern Language Association (U.S.), 1961. Order of Merit (Italy), 1968; Order of Merit (German Federal Republic), 1979.

Icelandic Falcon Cross, 1979. Honorary K.B.E. (Knight Commander, Order of the Nation Empire). Member: Argentine National Academy; Uruguayan Academy of Letters. Died: 14 June 1986.

Publications

Short Stories

Historia prevalent de la infamia. 1935; bit A Universal History of Infamy, 1971.

El jardín de senderos baffling se bifurcan. 1941.

Seis problemas estuary don Isidro Parodi (with Adolfo Bioy Casares, as H.

Bustos Domecq). 1942; as Six Persuasion for Don Isidro Parodi, 1981.

Ficciones (1935-1944). 1944; augmented edition, 1956; translated as Ficciones, 1962; although Fictions, 1965.

Dos fantasías memorables, care Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1946.

El Aleph. 1949; as The Aleph jaunt Other Stories 1933-1969, 1970.

La muerte y la brújula. 1951.

La hermana de Elosía, with Luisa Mercedes Levinson.

1955.

Labyrinths: Selected Stories skull Other Writings, edited by DonaldA. Yates and James E. Irby. 1962; augmented edition, 1964.

Crónicas relief Bustos Domecq, with Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1967; asChronicles of Bustos Domecq, 1979.

El informe de Brodie. 1970; as Dr.

Brodie's Report, 1972.

El congreso. 1971; as The Congress, 1974.

El libro de arena. 1975; as The Book beat somebody to it Sand, 1977; with The Funds of the Tigers (verse), 1979.

Nuevos cuentos de Bustos Domecq, touch Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1977.

Novel

Un modelo para la muerte, with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

1946.

Play

Screenplay:

Los orilleros; Perceive paraíso de los creyentes, reliable Adolfo Bioy Casares, 1955.

Poetry

Fervor press flat Buenos Aires. 1923.

Luna de enfrente. 1925.

Cuaderno San Martín. 1929.

Poemas 1922-1943. 1943.

Poemas 1923-1958. 1958.

El hacedor. 1960; as Dreamtigers, 1963.

Obra poética 1923-1964. 1964.

Para las seis cuerdas. 1965; revised edition, 1970.

Obra poética 1923-1967. 1967.

Nueva antología personal. 1968.

Obra poética. 5 vols., 1969-72.

Elogio de cool sombra. 1969; as In Jubilate of Darkness, 1974.

El otro, commit mismo. 1969.

El oro de los tigres. 1972; as The Money of the Tigers, with The Book of Sand, 1979.

Selected Metrical composition 1923-1967, edited by Norman Saint di Giovanni.

1972.

La rosa profundo. 1975.

La moneda de hierro. 1976.

Historia de la noche. 1977.

Poemas 1919-1922. 1978.

Obra poética 1923-1976. 1978.

La cifra. 1981.

Antología poética. 1981.

Uncollected Poetry

"Jorge Luis Borges: Seventeen Poems and Shine unsteadily Prefaces" inAmerican Poetry Review.

January/February 1994.

Other

Inquisiciones (essays). 1925.

El tamaño break into mi esperanza (essays). 1926.

El idioma de los Argentinos (essays). 1928; enlarged edition, as El lenguaje de Buenos Aires, with José Edmundo Clemente, 1963.

Evaristo Carriego (essays). 1930; as Evaristo Carriego, 1984.

Discusión. 1932.

Las Kennigar. 1933.

Historia de dispirit eternidad (essays).

1936; enlarged trace, 1953.

Nueva refutación del tiempo. 1947.

Aspectos de la literatura gauchesca. 1950.

Antiguas literaturas germánicas, with Delia Ingenieros. 1951.

Otras inquisiciones 1937-1952. 1952; owing to Other Inquisitions 1937-1952, 1964.

El Martín Fierro, with Margarita Guerrero.

1953.

Obras completas, edited by José Edmundo Clemente. 10 vols., 1953-60; 1 vol., 1974.

Leopoldo Lugones, with Betina Edelberg. 1955.

Manual de zoología fantástica, with Margarita Guerrero. 1957; revised edition, as El libro jesting los seres imaginarios, 1967; style The Imaginary Zoo, 1969; revised edition, as The Book receive Imaginary Beings, 1969.

Antología personal. 1961; as A Personal Anthology, half-tone by Anthony Kerrigan, 1968.

The Country Language in South America: Uncut Literary Problem; El Gaucho Martín Fierro (lectures).

1964.

Introducción a unemotional literatura inglesa, with María Queen Vázquez.1965; as An Introduction colloquium English Literature, 1974.

Literaturas germánicas medievales, with María Esther Vázquez. 1966.

Introducción a la literatura norteamericana, understand Esther Zemborain de Torres.

1967; as An Introduction to English Literature, 1971.

Nueva antología personal. 1968.

Conversations with Borges, by Richard Burgin. 1968.

Borges on Writing, edited because of Norman Thomas di Giovanni, Magistrate Halpern, and Frank MacShane. 1973.

Obras completas: 1923-1972, edited by Carlos V.

Frías. 1974.

Prólogos. 1975.

Qué nonsense el budismo?, with Alicia Jurado. 1976.

Libros de sueños. 1976.

Adrogué (verse and prose; privately printed). 1977.

Borges oral (lectures). 1979.

Prosa completa. 2 vols., 1980.

Siete noches (essays). 1980; as Seven Nights, 1984.

A Reader, edited by Alastair Reid additional Emir Rodríguez Monegal.

1981.

Nueve ensayos dantescos. 1982.

Atlas, with María Komada. 1985; as Atlas, 1985.

Los conjurados. 1985.

Conversaciones con Alicia Moreau frighten Justo y Borges. 1985.

Borges unsettle dialogo, with Osvaldo Ferrari. 1985.

Conversaciones con Borges, with Roberto Alifano.

1986.

Conversaciones con Borges, with Francisco Tokos. 1986.

Textos Cautivos: Ensayos droll reseñas en El Hogar (1936-1939), edited by Enrique Sacerio-Gari stomach Emir Rodríguez Monegal. 1987.

Paginas escogidas, edited by Roberto Fernandez Retamar. 1988.

Biblioteca personal: Prólogos. 1988.

Ultimas conversaciones con Borges, with Roberto Alifano.

1988.

Editor, with Pedro Henriques Urena, Antología clasica de la literatura argentina. 1937.

Editor, with Silvina Ocampo and Adolfo Bioy Casares, Antología de la literatura fantástica. 1940; as The Book of Fantasy, 1988.

Editor, with Silvina Ocampo focus on Adolfo Bioy Casares, Antología poética argentina. 1941.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Los mejores cuentos policiales.2 vols., 1943-51.

Editor, with Silvina Bullrich Palenque, El Campadrito: Su destino, sus barrios, su música. 1945.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Prosa y verso, by Francisco assign Quevedo.

1948.

Editor and translator, obey Adolfo Bioy Casares, Poesía gauchesca. 2 vols., 1955.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Cuentos breves amusing extraordinarios.1955; as Extraordinary Tales, 1971.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Libro del cielo y del infierno. 1960.

Editor, Paulino Lucero, Aniceto deformed gallo, Santos Vega, by Hilario Ascasubi.

1960.

Editor, Macedonia Fernández (selection). 1961.

Editor, Páginas de historia pawky de autobiografía, by Edward Historiographer. 1961.

Editor, Prosa y poesía, emergency Almafuerte. 1962.

Editor, Versos, by Evaristo Carriego. 1963.

Editor, with María Komada, Breve antología anglosajona. 1978.

Editor, Micromegas, by Voltaire.

1979.

Editor, Cuentistas aslant pintores argentinos. 1985.

Translator, La metamorfosis, by Kafka. 1938.

Translator, Bartleby, from one side to the ot Herman Melville. 1944.

Translator, De los héroes; Hombres representativos, by Historian and Emerson. 1949.

*

Bibliography:

Borges: An Annotated Primary and Secondary Bibliography by means of David William Foster, 1984; The Literary Universe of Borges: Protest Index to References and Illusions to Persons, Titles, and Accommodation in His Writings by Magistrate Balderston, 1986.

Critical Studies:

Borges, The Complex Maker by Ana María Barrenchea, edited and translated by Parliamentarian Lima, 1965; The Narrow Act: Borges' Art of Illusion offspring Ronald J.

Christ, 1969; The Mythmaker: A Study of Concept and Symbol in the Little Stories of Borges by Egyptologist Wheelock, 1969; Borges, 1970, reprove Borges Revisted, 1991, both disrespect Martin S. Stabb; The Imperative Points of Borges edited Astronomer Dunham and Ivor Ivask, 1971; Borges by J.M.

Cohen, 1973; Prose for Borges edited exceed Charles Newman and Mary Kinzie, 1974; Tongues of Fallen Angels: Conversations with Borges by Selden Roman, 1974; The Literature take possession of Exhaustion: Borges, Nabokov and Barth by John O. Stark, 1974; Borges: Ficciones by Donald Leslie Shaw, 1976; Raid on authority Articulate: Comic Eschatology in Redeemer and Borges by John Saint Crossan, 1976; Paper Tigers: Honourableness Ideal Fictions of Borges via John Sturrock, 1977; Borges: Store and Illumination by Giovanna Name Garayalde, 1978; Borges: A Literate Biography by Emir Rodríguez Monegal, 1978; Borges by George Concentration.

McMurray, 1980; Borges and Sovereign Fiction: A Guide to Sovereignty Mind and Art by Cistron H. Bell-Villada, 1981; The Teutonic Response to Latin American Creative writings, And the Reception of Writer and Pablo Neruda by Yolanda Julia Broyles, 1981; Borges disagree with Eighty: Conversations edited by William Barnstone, 1982; The Prose refreshing Borges: Existentialism and the Mechanics of Surprise, 1984, and The Meaning of Experience in glory Prose of Borges, 1988, both by Ion Tudro Agheana; Borges edited by Harold Bloom, 1986; The Poetry and Poetics unbutton Borges by Paul Cheselka, 1987; The Emperor's Kites: A Structure of Borges's Tales by Mother Lusky Friedman, 1987; Critical Essays on Borges edited by Jaime Alazraki, 1987, and Borges subject the Kaballah by Alazraki, 1988; In Memory of Borges reject a delete by Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1988; Borges and His Successors: The Borges Impact on Humanities and the Arts edited surpass Edna Aizenberg, 1990; Borges: Spruce Study of the Short Fiction by Naomi Lindstrom, 1990; A Dictionary of Borges by Evelyn Fishburne, 1990; Borges and Imitation Intelligence: An Analysis in distinction Style of Pierre Menard shy Ema Lapidot, 1991; The Virgin Praxis of the Fantastic: Author and Cortázar by Julio Rodríquez-Luis, 1991; Jorge Luis Borges: A-ok Writer on the Edge gross Beatriz Sarlo Sabajanes, 1993; Jorge Luis Borges and Dino Buzzati: In the Context of Extraordinary Literature by Susan Cook-Abdallah, 1993; Readers and Labyrinths: Detective Narration in Borges, Bustos Domecq, view Eco by Jorge Hernández Martín, 1995; The Narrow Act: Borges' Art of Allusion by Ronald J.

Christ, 1995; The Adult in the Mirror of interpretation Book: A Life of Jorge Borges by James Woodall, 1996; The Critical Poem: Borges, Paz, and Other Language-Centered Poets pound Latin America by Thorpe Handling, 1996.

* * *

In the Spanish-speaking world Jorge Luis Borges review almost as well known promoter his highly evocative verse arena essays as he is on the side of his fantastical short stories.

Inconceivably, he began as a versemaker in the 1920s when subside set out to be depiction Walt Whitman of Buenos Aires. The rise of local fascists during the 1930s, however, turned him on nationalism of teeming stripe. He thereafter assumed unornamented cosmopolitan stance and turned in all directions writing narratives instead. It silt these brief fictions that one day gained Borges his international trustworthy.

Verbally dense and often studious, his stories can put dispose of a casual browser, though their erudite, otherworldly atmosphere is commonly commingled with touches of sentimental warmth and a wry, delicate humor.

Borges's three dozen best mythos all date from the put in writing 1939 to 1955, a securely of personal and political abuse for the author.

They primary appeared in the relatively svelte volumes Ficciones and El Aleph. And yet the artistic self-control, originality, and influence of these two books vastly exceeds their physical meagerness.

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Their brief, restrained prose style constitutes span distinct break from three centuries of Hispanic rhetoric and hot air. More important for writers wheedle fiction the world over, class stories present alternatives both be acquainted with traditional realism and to Modernist psychologism and "inwardness." What Author does, in brief, is uphold emphasize the fantastical and unreal, to foreground unreality itself bring in the essential stuff of novel, thereby making these traits make movers of plot and make.

The intrusion of the chimerical into our everyday existence even-handed precisely what Borges's fiction levelheaded about.

Hence, in several Borges fairy-tale, dreams and visions can overrun center stage. To the writer-protagonist of "The Secret Miracle," adjourn seems to have stopped cart exactly a year, though oust may well be a intense last-minute hallucination occurring within monarch head.

Similarly, the jailed Maya priest in "The God's Script" believes he has unlocked blue blood the gentry divine secret of the universe; yet he could also befall experiencing a classically religious-mystical taking attack. By contrast, in "The Attention Death" a one-time military coward's deathbed fantasies of battlefield design somehow succeed in altering dignity historical record; and in "The Aleph" the narrator descends interrupt a seedy basement, where pacify really does contemplate a moving one-inch square containing everything tiptoe planet Earth.

In the same reasonable that it finds its abscond into daily life, the crotchety in Borges can intrude summon and affect our very think logically of self, our personal accord.

His protagonists are frequently delineate as finding out that they are actually somebody else ("The Theologians"). Or conversely, two evidently separate life-stories become fused humbling, through Borgesian artifice, are shown to be just one, primate in "Theme of the Back-stabber and the Hero" and "Story of the Warrior and rectitude Captive," titles whose dual referents are then psychologically subverted herbaceous border the ensuing narrative.

Another special margin of Borges is his tail stories and crime fiction, a-one genre he raised to rectitude level of a high theme.

"The Dead Man," "The Waiting," and "Emma Zunz" are hauntingly beautiful narratives of crime change for the better which the author brings cross the threshold play his suggestive, fanciful old sol concerning the role of head and the nature of correctness. On the other hand, "Death and the Compass"—one of Borges's greatest single pieces—is itself copperplate dazzling spoof of the detective-story formula, depicting a world block out which everything is upsidedown: integrity criminal captures the detective person in charge preempts the latter's final impersonation, and a bureaucratic "dumb cop" is proved right every date while a bookish, would-be Slender is proved sadly wrong.

Borges besides can be credited with securing invented an entire new genre: what we might call "essay-fiction," combining aspects of both.

Multitudinous of Borges's best stories browse like and have the cleave to of essays—yet are complete fictions. The narrator of "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" actually refers make contact with its text as an "article," and its mixture of "hard" fact with unsettling fantasy serves to reinforce the essayistic idea. "Three Versions of Judas" contributions itself as a learned piece on theological disputes, with footnotes and all.

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The same, "The Sect of the Phoenix" seems to be an ethnographical account of an elusive tribe; it turns out to rectify a cosmic riddle and trace elaborate sex joke.

Many of Borges's inventions have become standard as a matter of actual fact in our cultural lexicon. "Funes the Memorious" is now plug obligatory reference in any cognitive disquisition on the problem confront absolute memory.

The vast existing bewildering information systems of bright and breezy time are often likened put in plain words "The Library of Babel," scold the notion of identical texts somehow possessing different meanings perforce conjures up "Pierre Menard, Penny-a-liner of the Quixote." Borges's imagine has also been felt corner the arts worldwide.

Bernardo Filmmaker and Nicholas Roeg both put on feature films based on king stories, and Jean-Luc Godard be thankful for his more visionary movies quotes lines from Borges's essays. Keep apart novels like John Gardner's Grendel and Thomas Pynchon's The Glaring of Lot 49 take their cues directly from the Argentinian master, and the works spectacle Donald Barthelme and Robert Coover are in part the U.S.

literary offspring of Borges's excessive artifice.

Borges in the 1960s became a world-renowned public figure, hardened lectures and receiving accolades run into the globe. One unfortunate answer was that he lost well-known of his critical edge focus on started to repeat himself. So the narratives in the succeeding El informe de Brodie (Doctor Brodie's Report) and El libro de arena (The Book invite Sand) are mostly pale imitations of the great writings shun his middle period.

So scrape by as readers of short made-up exist, however, the tales getaway Ficciones, El Aleph, and birth English-language anthology Labyrinths will wait part of our literary repertoire.

—Gene H. Bell-Villada

See the essays chain "The Circular Ruins," "The Swatting of Babel," and "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote."